As a peacebuilder, I often find myself reflecting on the delicate connections between governance, social harmony, and peace in Tanzania.
As the world continues to mark the International Day of Democracy, it feels important to consider how democracy acts as the silent foundation for peace, especially in a country as diverse as ours, encompassing both mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.
Reflecting on Tanzania’s democratic journey, it’s clear that democracy is more than casting ballots every few years. It’s about fostering an environment where dialogue, inclusiveness, and justice can thrive. Though these values may not always be visible, they are the pillars on which our peaceful society stands.
Tanzania’s path to democracy is one of gradual transformation. From the early days of a single-party state, the nation transitioned to a multi-party democracy, offering a broader platform for inclusion. These changes have allowed voices from all parts of the nation—including Zanzibar—to participate in shaping the country’s future.
However, as with any journey, there have been moments of challenge. At various times, the democratic space has felt constrained, making it harder for all voices to be heard. These moments remind us of the importance of continuously nurturing both democracy and peace.
In Zanzibar, the Government of National Unity, formed to address post-election tensions, stands as a powerful example of how democracy can prevent conflict. It demonstrates the value of dialogue and compromise in maintaining peace, especially when political tensions run high.
A quiet pillar of peace
While democracy might seem to be about elections and public speeches, its real power lies in the spaces it creates for dialogue and understanding. Across Tanzania, democracy provides the framework within which differences can be managed peacefully before they turn into conflicts.
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Inclusive governance is one of the most important features of democracy. When people feel their concerns are heard and considered, they are more likely to trust in the system and, by extension, maintain peace. This is true both on the mainland and in Zanzibar, where the political dynamics are often more complex but no less significant.
Civil society plays a critical role in fostering peace within democratic systems. In Tanzania, non-governmental organisations, faith-based groups, and community associations act as the bridge between the people and the state. In Zanzibar, civil society has also been instrumental in promoting peace, particularly through efforts to encourage interfaith dialogue and address social issues.
However, civil society needs the freedom to operate in order to be effective. When their space is restricted, peace can become fragile. But when civil society is empowered, it can address grievances before they turn into bigger conflicts, contributing to a more resilient peace across both Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar.
The power of dialogue
Zanzibar’s history offers valuable lessons in how dialogue can serve as a tool for conflict resolution. The political tensions on the islands have, at times, been intense, but the willingness to engage in dialogue has often prevented these tensions from escalating into violence.
The Government of National Unity stands as a clear example of how compromise and negotiation can maintain peace, even in challenging circumstances. I was encouraged to hear the Secretary General of the ruling party CCM, Dr Emmanuel Mchimbi, on September 13, 2024, mention that informal dialogue has already begun with opposition parties, both on the mainland and in Zanzibar.
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He highlighted that this dialogue, which is set to become formal, will address key issues surrounding our democracy and the future of our nation. This development offers hope that dialogue will continue to be the cornerstone of our democratic and peaceful processes.
Although Tanzania has made great progress, challenges remain. Political tensions, especially around election times, can threaten peace. However, during these moments, democracy’s ability to foster dialogue and compromise becomes most important.
The youth of Tanzania also have a critical role to play. They are the future of our democracy and the key to sustaining peace. Ensuring young people are engaged in governance and peacebuilding efforts is essential. When they feel excluded, the risk of unrest grows, but when they are included in the democratic process, they become a powerful force for positive change.
A Future of peace
As Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar continue to navigate their democratic paths, it’s important to recognise that democracy is not static. It requires ongoing care and commitment. Peacebuilders, political leaders, and civil society must work together to ensure our institutions remain inclusive, transparent, and just.
Dr Mchimbi’s announcement about engaging opposition parties in dialogue is a positive step in this direction. Bringing all political actors to the table—both on the mainland and in Zanzibar—creates the conditions for meaningful discussion and helps address the tensions that can arise in any democracy. Through such dialogue, trust is built, and peace is maintained.
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As we reflect on the role of democracy in peacebuilding across Tanzania and Zanzibar particularly, it becomes clear that the health of our democracy is closely tied to the peace we enjoy. When democratic principles—like inclusion, justice, and dialogue—are upheld, peace follows naturally.
On this International Day of Democracy, let us reaffirm our commitment to these principles. Doing so ensures that the nation’s future remains one of peace, stability, and prosperity for all.
Paul Mdumi is the Programme Manager for Dialogue and Peacebuilding at Danmission, Denmark’s oldest and largest missionary organisation. He is available at paul.mdumi@gmail.com or on X as @Rev_MdumiJR. These are the writer’s own opinions and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints of The Chanzo. Do you want to publish in this space? Contact our editors at editor@thechanzo.com for further inquiries.
